GTA 5's prologue is set 9 years before the rest of the game

persona 4 has like a 3 month skip before its last stretch (though i guess Golden adds a couple things during it)
umineko has one
does live a live count? it has a bunch of sections in different time periods that you can play in any order

added those aforementioned 3, not sure about Live a Live, because I'm trying to use this list to demonstrate how a single timeskip can show how time affects the world when the player can't do much about it, and I'm not entirely sure that entriely fits.

fire emblem echoes prologue?
crisis core a bit over half the game

the inclusion of animal crossing here is powerful

- the (very long) postgame of pokemon mystery dungeon explorers of time/darkness/sky takes place after a timeskip of several months after the end of the main story
- not sure if it counts but ace attorney 1's final case takes place like 2-3 months after the fourth. the cases before then are almost monthly and the fifth case is a bit of a departure since certain key characters are absent from it
- this is probably kinda silly but for another dragon ball-like example, lego harry potter contains timeskips between each year of the campaign so maybe that counts? i guess the same could be said of lego star wars and the like, too

asura's wrath has a 12,000 year time skip, a 500 year time skip and an 870 million year time skip